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Terracotta Sculptures of Indus Valley Civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan Civilization) produced mainly three types of sculptures—metal, stone/steatite, and terracotta (baked clay). Among these, terracotta sculptures were the most common and were made from fire-baked clay.
Terracotta figures included human beings, animals, birds, toy carts, toy ploughs, whistles, rattles, and dolls. These objects reflect the daily life, artistic skill, and playful nature of Harappan society. Many toys had movable wheels, showing advanced craftsmanship.
The most important terracotta figure is the Mother Goddess figurine, which is believed to symbolize fertility and prosperity. Besides this, figures of bulls, dogs, monkeys, birds, and other animals were also found in large numbers.
These terracotta sculptures provide valuable information about the religious beliefs, dress, ornaments, economic activities, and cultural life of the people of the Indus Valley Civilization. Therefore, they are an important source for understanding Harappan art and society.